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dc.contributor.authorAlonso-Saez, Laura-
dc.contributor.authorZeder, Michael-
dc.contributor.authorHarding, Tommy-
dc.contributor.authorPernthaler, Jakob-
dc.contributor.authorLovejoy, Connie-
dc.contributor.authorBertilsson, Stefan-
dc.contributor.authorPedros-Alio, Carlos-
dc.date.accessioned2017-10-23T11:15:28Z-
dc.date.available2017-10-23T11:15:28Z-
dc.date.issued2014-
dc.identifierISI:000341560400001-
dc.identifier.issn1664-302X-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.azti.es/handle/24689/332-
dc.description.abstractExtremely low abundance microorganisms (members of the ``rare biosphere��) are believed to include dormant taxa, which can sporadically become abundant following environmental triggers. Yet, microbial transitions from rare to abundant have seldom been captured in situ, and it is uncertain how widespread these transitions are. A bloom of a single ribotype (>= 99\% similarity in the 16S ribosomal RNA gene) of a widespread betaproteobacterium (Janthinobacterium sp.) occurred over 2 weeks in Arctic marine waters. The Janthinobactenum population was not detected microscopically in situ in January and early February, but suddenly appeared in the water column thereafter, eventually accounting for up to 20\% of bacterial cells in mid February. During the bloom, this bacterium was detected at open water sites up to 50 km apart, being abundant down to more than 300 m. This event is one of the largest monospecific bacterial blooms reported in polar oceans. It is also remarkable because Betaproteobacteria are typically found only in low abundance in marine environments. In particular, Janthinobacterium were known from non-marine habitats and had previously been detected only in the rare biosphere of seawater samples, including the polar oceans. The Arctic Janthinobacterium formed mucilagenous monolayer aggregates after short (ca. 8 h) incubations, suggesting that biofilm formation may play a role in maintaining rare bacteria in pelagic marine environments. The spontaneous mass occurrence of this opportunistic rare taxon in polar waters during the energy-limited season extends current knowledge of how and when microbial transitions between rare and abundant occur in the ocean.-
dc.description.sponsorshipWe thank the crew, officers and fellow scientists of the CCCG Amundsen for their support during the CFL cruise. We also thank I. Forn and N. Arandia for help with sample analysis, J. Gagnon and J. E. Tremblay for nutrient data, P. Guillot and Y. Gratton for conductivity temperature depth (CTD) data, and Laura Eme for providing in-house scripts useful for the phylogenetic analysis. This work is a contribution to the International Polar Year Circumpolar Flaw Lead system study (IPY-CFL 2007/2008) supported through grants from the Canadian IPY Federal Program Office, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), and grants BOREAL (CLG2007-28872-E/ANT) and GEMMA (CTM2007-63753-C02-01/MAR) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to Carlos Pedros-Alio. The Fond Quebecois de Recherches Nature et Technologies to Quebec Ocean and the NSERC support for ArcticNet are acknowledged for administrative and logistics support. Laura Alonso-Saez was supported by a Marie Curie Intraeuropean Fellowship (CHEMOARC PIEF-GA-2008-221121) and the Swedish Research Council (grant to Stefan Bertilsson). Tommy Harding was supported by a NSERC student fellowship.-
dc.language.isoeng-
dc.publisherFRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION-
dc.subjectArctic-
dc.subjectbetaproteobacteria-
dc.subjectbiofilm-
dc.subjectbloom-
dc.subjectJanthinobacterium-
dc.subjectrare biosphere-
dc.subjectHIGH-THROUGHPUT MICROSCOPY-
dc.subjectMARINE BACTERIOPLANKTON-
dc.subjectBACTERIAL COMMUNITIES-
dc.subjectBIOSPHERE-
dc.subjectPOPULATIONS-
dc.subjectDIVERSITY-
dc.subjectVIOLACEIN-
dc.subjectSEQUENCES-
dc.subjectRESOURCE-
dc.subjectDORMANCY-
dc.titleWinter bloom of a rare betaproteobacteriurn in the Arctic Ocean-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.identifier.journalFRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY-
dc.format.volume5-
dc.contributor.funderCanadian IPY Federal Program Office-
dc.contributor.funderNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)-
dc.contributor.funderSpanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to Carlos Pedros-Alio [BOREAL (CLG2007-28872-E/ANT), GEMMA (CTM2007-63753-C02-01/MAR)]-
dc.contributor.funderMarie Curie Intraeuropean Fellowship [CHEMOARC PIEF-GA-2008-221121]-
dc.contributor.funderSwedish Research Council-
dc.contributor.funderNSERC student fellowship-
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fmicb.2014.00425-
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